DISASTER MANAGENT
According to W.H.O. "A Disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area".
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
Disasters can be classified as natural and man-made disasters which are explained below:
(a) Natural Disasters: These are of the following types:
Wind related. Storms, cyclones, tornadoes, tidal waves and blizzards, etc.
Water related. Floods/flash floods, cloudburst, excessive rains, drought, etc.
Earth related. Earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches, landslides, volcanic eruptions, etc.
(b) Man-made Disasters: These can be classified as under:
➤Accidents: Road, rail, air, sea accidents or building collapse.
➤Industrial mishaps: Gas leaks, explosion, sabotage and safety breaches
➤ Fire: In buildings, coal fields, oil or gas fields and oil or gas store depots.
➤Forest fires: In tropical countries, forest fires are often man-made.
➤ Contamination/Poisoning: Incidents of mass food poisoning, water contamination,
illicit-liquor poisoning and epidemics.
➤Terrorists activities: Serial blasts/explosions in public transport or markets.
➤Ecological: Pollution of air, water, noise, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, global warming, sea level rise, toxic wastes and nuclear accidents.
➤Warfare: Conventional, chemical, biological or nuclear.
Role of NCC Cadets in Maintaining Essential Services
The cadets of NCC could assist in maintaining the following essential services and important tasks in
any and every part of the country in following ways:
➤As operators in telephone exchange.
➤ As nurses in hospitals or as links between doctors, nurses, patients and hospital technicians. They could also help in maintaining hospital discipline and security.
➤Assist in establishment and running of First Aid Centers.
➤Assist civil defence wardens in carrying out their duties
➤Carry out neighborhood campaigns by motivating people to create self-assistance groups.
➤Counteract gossip and rumours to restore the morale of the people. Assist the civil authorities whenever feasible and to the best of ability.
➤ Immediately on receiving any requisition for providing NCC assistance from the district authorities, the CO Unit/Group Commander.
Employment of NCC Cadets during Natural Disaster:
The following groups of NCC cadets need to be created for providing assistance:
➤Traffic Control Group
➤ Relief Group
➤Shelter Management Group
➤Evacuation and Rescue Groups
➤First Aid Medical Groups
➤Sanitation Groups
➤Carcass Disposal Groups
INITIATIVE TRG, ORGANISING SKILLS AND DO'S AND DONT'S
NCC cadets have to perform multifaceted duties during disaster under the guideline of District Disaster Management Authorities. JD/JW cadets are young and may not be considered suitable for such operations.
➤SW cadets may be used for softer jobs like providing medical assistance or manning exchanges during strikes of nurses or telephone operators.
➤ Only SD cadets may be found suitable for helping in natural calamities like earthquakes, land-slides and floods. NCC can play a significant role in the management of the after effects of natural calamities and disasters. A sound disaster prevention and response plan reflects on the effectiveness of the NCC cadets during the disaster. Suitable training must be given to them during institutional training.
➤NCC cadets can effectively assist the state which could take the form of traffic management under supervision, conduct of cultural and recreational activities for victims to boost their morale at later or rehabilitation stages, collection, loading and dispatch of medical aid material, food and other articles of relief, help in setting up and administration of relief camps etc.
➤Cadets must be well versed with various Do's and Don'ts associated with disaster related tasks.
FIRE SERVICES AND FIRE FIGHTING
Fire is the outcome of either heating or over heating of a combustible substance to the required temperature or igniting an inflammable material. The following three elements are essential for creation of fire and its continuation:
(a) Oxygen.
(b) Sufficient heat to raise the temperature of fuel to its burning point or ignition temperature.
(c) Combustible or burnable material (Solid, Liquid or Gas)
The fire can be extinguished by:
(a) Starvation
(b) Cooling
(c) Smothering
Fire Fighting Parties:
(a) House fire parties
(b) Auxiliary fire services
Fire Fighting Equipment can be divided into the following four categories:
(a) Fire extinguishers
(b) Stirrup pumps
(c) Buckets
(d) Fire beaters and hooks
Fire extinguishers :
(a) Soda acid extinguishers
(b) Foam type or dry chemical powder extinguishers
(c) CTC carbon dioxide and dry chemical extinguishers
It is extremely essential for all to be aware of the causes of fires and how to prevent fires or carryout fire-fighting in homes and public places.
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